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The Word for Mango in 66+ Languages

From Sanskrit āmra (आम्र) to Tamil maanga to Portuguese manga — how the word for mango travelled across continents and centuries.

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By Malik Muneeb Altaf

Pakistani mango cultivation + global mango trade

Published:

Quick reference

The English word mango was borrowed from Portuguese manga in 1582. The Portuguese borrowed it from Tamil/Malayalam maanga (மாங்கா) during their 16th-century Indian Ocean trade.

The original Sanskrit word āmra (आम्र) — first written in the 6th century CE — is the root of every South Asian language's word for mango: Urdu aam (آم), Hindi aam (आम), Bengali aam (আম), Persian anbeh (انبه), Marathi amba (आंबा), Sinhala amba (අඹ).

Top 12 most-asked translations

LanguageWordNative scriptPronunciation
UrduAamآمaam
HindiAamआमaam
ArabicManga / Manjoمانجو / مانغوman-ga / man-go
SpanishMangoMAN-go
FrenchManguemahng
Mandarin ChineseMángguǒ芒果mahng-gwoh
JapaneseMangōマンゴーman-goh
TamilMaampazhamமாம்பழம்maam-puzh-am
BengaliAamআমaam
Persian (Farsi)Anbeh / Anbeانبهan-beh
PortugueseMangaMAN-ga
RussianMangoМангоMAN-go

All 66 translations, grouped by language family

Grouping reveals two surprising patterns: South Asian languages all share the Sanskrit root, and most European languages share the Portuguese-via-Tamil borrowing path. Independent native words survived in regions where mango is native and pre-dates European contact.

Indo-Aryan

SanskritAncient India
Āmraआम्र

/ahm-ra/

Root word that became 'aam' in Hindi/Urdu and 'amba' in Bengali. Earliest written reference in the Brihatsamhita (6th century CE).

UrduPakistan
Aamآم

/aam/

Same root as Hindi. The 'King of Fruits' (Phalon ka Raja, پھلوں کا راجا).

HindiIndia
Aamआम

/aam/

From Sanskrit āmra. Also means 'common' in adjective form — a play on the fruit being universally loved.

BengaliWest Bengal, Bangladesh
Aamআম

/aam/

PunjabiPunjab (India + Pakistan)
Aamਅੰਬ / آم

/amb (Gurmukhi) / aam (Shahmukhi)/

MarathiMaharashtra, India
Ambaआंबा

/ahm-ba/

Preserves the older Sanskrit form 'amra' more closely than Hindi/Urdu.

GujaratiGujarat, India
Keriકેરી

/ke-ree/

Unique among Indian languages — uses a different root (kairi = unripe mango). 'Aam' also used regionally.

OdiaOdisha, India
Ambaଆମ୍ବ

/ahm-ba/

AssameseAssam, India
Aamআম

/aam/

SinhalaSri Lanka
Ambaඅඹ

/ahm-ba/

NepaliNepal
Aapआँप

/aap/

KashmiriKashmir
Ambاَنٛب

/amb/

Dravidian

TamilTamil Nadu, Sri Lanka
Maampazhamமாம்பழம்

/maam-puzh-am/

Source of the English word 'mango' (via Portuguese 'manga'). 'Maam-kaai' = unripe mango; 'Maam-pazham' = ripe mango.

MalayalamKerala, India
Maangaമാങ്ങ

/maan-ga/

Closest to the Portuguese-borrowed 'manga' that became English 'mango'.

KannadaKarnataka, India
Maavuಮಾವು

/maa-vu/

TeluguAndhra Pradesh, Telangana
Maamidiమామిడి

/maa-mi-di/

Iranian

Persian (Farsi)Iran
Anbeh / Anbeانبه

/an-beh/

Borrowed from Sanskrit 'amra'. Also occasionally 'manjo' in modern Persian.

PashtoAfghanistan, Pakistan KP
Aam / Anbaآم / انبہ

/aam / an-ba/

BalochiBalochistan
Anbانب

/anb/

Semitic

ArabicArab world
Manga / Manjoمانجو / مانغو

/man-ga / man-go/

Borrowed from Portuguese 'manga' via Indian Ocean trade. Older Classical Arabic used 'al-anbaj' (from Persian).

HebrewIsrael
Mangoמנגו

/man-go/

Modern Hebrew borrowing from English.

Romance

PortuguesePortugal, Brazil, Mozambique
Manga

/MAN-ga/

Portuguese sailors borrowed 'manga' from Tamil/Malayalam 'maanga' during 16th-century Indian Ocean trade. From Portuguese, it spread to every European language.

SpanishSpain, Latin America
Mango

/MAN-go/

FrenchFrance, francophone Africa
Mangue

/mahng/

ItalianItaly
Mango

/MAN-go/

RomanianRomania
Mango

/MAN-go/

CatalanCatalonia
Mango

/MAN-go/

Germanic

EnglishGlobal
Mango

/MANG-go/

Borrowed from Portuguese 'manga' (1582). First English use: Thomas Hickock, 1582 traveller's account.

GermanGermany, Austria
Mango

/MAN-go/

DutchNetherlands
Mango

/MAN-go/

SwedishSweden
Mango

/MAN-go/

NorwegianNorway
Mango

/MAN-go/

DanishDenmark
Mango

/MAN-go/

IcelandicIceland
Mangó

/man-go/

Slavic

RussianRussia
MangoМанго

/MAN-go/

PolishPoland
Mango

/MAN-go/

UkrainianUkraine
Mangoманго

/MAN-go/

CzechCzech Republic
Mango

/MAN-go/

BulgarianBulgaria
Mangoманго

/MAN-go/

SerbianSerbia
Mangoманго

/MAN-go/

Sino-Tibetan

Mandarin ChineseChina
Mángguǒ芒果

/mahng-gwoh/

Phonetic loan from English/Portuguese. The character 芒 (máng) means 'awn/beard' and 果 (guǒ) means 'fruit'.

CantoneseHong Kong, Guangdong
Mong gwo芒果

/mong-gwo/

Burmese (Myanmar)Myanmar
Thayetသရက်

/thuh-yet/

Japonic

JapaneseJapan
Mangōマンゴー

/man-goh/

Written in katakana — marks it as a foreign loan word. Borrowed via English.

Koreanic

KoreanSouth Korea
Manggo망고

/mang-go/

Austroasiatic

VietnameseVietnam
Xoài

/swai/

Not borrowed from Portuguese — Vietnamese has its own native word from local mango cultivation history.

Khmer (Cambodian)Cambodia
Svaayស្វាយ

/svay/

Tai-Kadai

ThaiThailand
Mamuangมะม่วง

/ma-MOO-ang/

Native Thai word, not a European loan. Pre-dates Portuguese trade contact.

LaoLaos
Mak muangໝາກມ່ວງ

/mak-MOO-ang/

Austronesian

Tagalog (Filipino)Philippines
Mangga

/mang-GAH/

Borrowed from Spanish 'mango' during 333 years of Spanish colonization.

IndonesianIndonesia
Mangga

/MAHNG-gah/

Borrowed via Portuguese. Indonesia is one of the world's largest mango producers.

MalayMalaysia, Singapore
Mangga

/MAHNG-gah/

HawaiianHawaii
Manakō

/ma-na-KOH/

MaoriNew Zealand
Mango

/MAH-ngo/

Note: 'Mango' in Maori also means 'shark'. The fruit is a recent introduction.

Turkic

TurkishTurkey
Mango

/MAN-go/

UzbekUzbekistan
Mango

/MAN-go/

AzerbaijaniAzerbaijan
Manqo

/MAN-go/

Bantu

SwahiliEast Africa
Embe

/EM-bay/

Possibly from Sanskrit 'amba' via ancient Indian Ocean trade — predates Portuguese contact.

ZuluSouth Africa
Umango

/oo-MAN-go/

Niger-Congo

YorubaNigeria, Benin
Mangoro

/man-go-ro/

Afro-Asiatic

HausaNigeria, Niger
Mangwaro

/mang-WA-ro/

AmharicEthiopia
Managoማንጎ

/MAN-go/

Hellenic

GreekGreece
Mángoμάγκο

/MAN-go/

Uralic

HungarianHungary
Mangó

/MAN-go/

FinnishFinland
Mango

/MAN-go/

EstonianEstonia
Mango

/MAN-go/

How the word 'mango' travelled the world

  1. ~1500 BCE — Sanskrit origin. Mango cultivation in the Indus Valley dates back at least 4,000 years. The Sanskrit word āmra (आम्र) becomes the root word.
  2. ~6th century CE — written record. First written Sanskrit reference appears in the Brihatsamhita, an ancient Indian astronomy / general knowledge encyclopedia.
  3. ~500-1500 CE — spread across South Asia. Sanskrit āmra becomes Urdu/Hindi/Bengali aam, Marathi amba, Persian anbeh, Sinhala amba.
  4. ~1498 — Portuguese arrive in Kerala. Vasco da Gama lands at Kozhikode in 1498. Portuguese traders encounter the fruit, locals call it maanga in Tamil and Malayalam.
  5. 1582 — English borrowing. First English use of "mango" appears in Thomas Hickock's translation of an Italian traveller's account. Spelled manga, then mango.
  6. 1565-1898 — Spanish colonization spreads the word to the Philippines. Spanish mango becomes Tagalog mangga. From the Philippines, the word reaches across the Pacific.
  7. 17th-19th century — European languages adopt. French, German, Dutch, Italian, Russian, etc. all adopt 'mango' / 'mangue' from Portuguese as European mango imports grow.
  8. 20th century — phonetic loans into East Asian languages. Japanese マンゴー, Korean 망고, Chinese 芒果 all phonetically adopt the English/Portuguese form.

Independent native words survived in regions where mango was already cultivated long before European contact: Thai mamuang, Vietnamese xoài, Khmer svaay, Burmese thayet, Swahili embe.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you say mango in Urdu?+

In Urdu, mango is 'aam' (آم), pronounced 'aam'. It is called the King of Fruits — 'phalon ka raja' (پھلوں کا راجا). Pakistani Urdu uses the same word as Hindi, both derived from the Sanskrit 'āmra' (आम्र).

How do you say mango in Hindi?+

In Hindi, mango is 'aam' (आम). The word comes from the Sanskrit 'āmra' (आम्र). Interestingly, 'aam' as an adjective also means 'common' — a play on the fruit being universally loved across the subcontinent.

How do you say mango in Arabic?+

In modern Arabic, mango is 'manga' or 'manjo' (مانجو / مانغو), borrowed from Portuguese 'manga' via Indian Ocean trade. Classical Arabic used 'al-anbaj' (الانبج), borrowed from the older Persian word 'anbeh'.

Where does the English word 'mango' come from?+

The English word 'mango' was borrowed from Portuguese 'manga' in 1582 (first recorded use by traveller Thomas Hickock). The Portuguese borrowed it from the Tamil/Malayalam 'maanga' (மாங்கா / മാങ്ങ) during their 16th-century Indian Ocean trade. So the word travelled: Tamil → Portuguese → English → most European languages.

How do you say mango in Chinese?+

In Mandarin Chinese, mango is 'mángguǒ' (芒果). It's a phonetic borrowing from English/Portuguese 'mango'. The character 芒 (máng) literally means 'awn' or 'beard' and 果 (guǒ) means 'fruit'.

Which language has the oldest word for mango?+

Sanskrit 'āmra' (आम्र) is the oldest documented word for mango, with written references in the Brihatsamhita (a 6th-century CE Indian text). Cultivation evidence in the Indus Valley pushes mango usage back at least 4,000 years. Most modern South Asian and Middle Eastern words for mango (Urdu 'aam', Hindi 'aam', Bengali 'aam', Persian 'anbeh') derive from this Sanskrit root.

Why do some languages use unique words for mango that aren't borrowed from English or Portuguese?+

Languages spoken in regions where mango is native (South Asia, Southeast Asia, parts of Africa) developed their own words long before European trade contact. Examples: Thai 'mamuang', Vietnamese 'xoài', Khmer 'svaay', Burmese 'thayet', Swahili 'embe'. These predate the Portuguese-driven spread of 'manga'/'mango' to languages where the fruit was newly introduced.

How do you say mango in Filipino (Tagalog)?+

In Tagalog (Filipino), mango is 'mangga'. It was borrowed from Spanish 'mango' during the 333 years of Spanish colonization (1565-1898). The Philippines' national mango variety is the Carabao, and Filipino mangoes hold the Guinness World Record for the largest mango ever recorded (3.435 kg, Sergio variety, 2009).

Whatever you call it — order it from Multan

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